Association Between Prebiotic or Probiotic Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the General Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: To explore the relationships between prebiotic or probiotic consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design: This study is a cross-sectional study with the use of the STROBE checklist. Method: The data were collected from December 2021 and June 2022 using the General Information Form, Assessment of Probiotic and Prebiotic Food Consumption Form, and Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Questionnaire via an online survey. The healthy adults were included in this study. Univariate analysis, logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between prebiotic or probiotic consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 401 healthy adults completed the survey. Of these participants, 359 consumed prebiotics or probiotics, and 42 did not consume prebiotics or probiotics. Logistic regression analysis showed that prebiotic-probiotic consumption was not a significant predictor of low (OR=0.600, p=0.127), mild (OR=1.360, p=0.381), moderate (OR=0.905, p=0.819), high (OR=1.310, p=0.588) and very high risk of type 2 diabetes (OR=462288673.51, p=0.998). In addition, linear regression analysis presented that prebiotic-probiotic consumption or no consumption was not a significant predictor on the type 2 diabetes risk (β = -0.072, p=0.151). Conclusions: This study showed that prebiotic or probiotic consumption was not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate prebiotic or probiotic consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes.