Association Between PON1 (L55M and Q192R) Genetic Polymorphism and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in North Indian Women Exposed to Pesticides.

Apala Priyadarshini,Sujata Deo,Mohd Kalim Ahmad,Apurva Singh,Shyam Pyari Jaiswar,Pushpa Sankhwar

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736342

Apala Priyadarshini, Sujata Deo + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736342

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between the PON1 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 100 females. DNA was extracted and PON1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Regarding PON1 L55M, the mutated allele (M) frequency was found in 70.5% in RPL and in 53.5% in controls; the M allele was signiﬁcantly associated with an increased risk of RPL (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]; p < 0.001). However, regarding PON1 Q192R, the R mutated allele frequency was found in 28.5% in RPL and in 33% in controls. The R allele did not show any risk for RPL (ORadj 0.81; 95%CI; p = 0.329). The present study suggests that there is an effect of genetic polymorphism on RPL and provides additional evidence that combines with the growing information about the ways in which certain PON1 genotypes can affect the development of the fetus in the uterus.

Highlights

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of three or more spontaneous miscarriages
PON1L55M Polymorphism and RPL The genotype frequencies of paraoxonase 1 enzyme (PON1) L55M were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in cases and controls
The analysis showed that the M allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of RPL

Summary

Introduction

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of three or more spontaneous miscarriages. Between 10 and 12% of all the clinically recognized pregnancies end up as miscarriages during the 1st trimester.[2] Despite the fact that chromosomal abnormalities are implicated in $ 50% of all miscarriages, the etiology of the other 50% is not exactly identified and may involve anatomic, genetic, endocrine, immunological, and environmental factors.[3] Even after a complete evaluation, 50% of couples remain without a diagnosis for their RPL. Even though each one of us is exposed to these xenobiotics to an extent, a few people, like farmers and floriculturists, are much more exposed to these toxins. These pesticides are extremely noxious to humans. The genetic polymorphisms as modifiers of human health diseases have gained attention in recent years, and there is an increased interest in conducting studies to explore the gene-environment interactions to detect susceptible populations prone to develop health problems due to chemical exposure.[6]

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