Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. Variation of osteoporosis in the population is the result of an interaction between the genotype and the environment, and the genetic causes of osteoporosis are being widely investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), type I collagen (COL1A1), and lactase (LCT) genes and severe postmenopausal osteoporosis as well as bone mineral density (BMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 54 women with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis and 77 controls (mean age, 58.3 years [SD, 6.2] and 56.7 years [SD, 7.42], respectively) were included into the study. The subjects were recruited at the City Center for Osteoporosis Prevention (Minsk, Belarus). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. Severe osteoporosis was diagnosed in the women with the clinical diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and at least 1 fragility fracture. The control group included women without osteoporosis. Polymorphic sites in osteoporosis predisposition genes (ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, and Cdx2 of the VDR gene, G2046T of the COL1A1 gene, and T-13910C of the LCT gene) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction on the deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from dried bloodspots. RESULTS. The data showed that the ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms of the VDR gene and T- 13910C of the LCT gene were associated with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis in the analyzed Belarusian women (P<0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation between the VDR risk genotypes ApaI and TaqI and bone mineral density was found (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. The findings of this study suggest that at least the ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms of the VDR gene and T-13910C of the LCT gene are associated with the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in our sample of the Belarusian women.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of the osteoporotic fracture and leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and high social and economic burden [1]
The findings of this study suggest that at least the ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and T-13910C of the LCT gene are associated with the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in our sample of the Belarusian women
BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms are located in the 3'-regulatory region of the VDR gene, so they are often marked as 1 haplotype; these polymorphisms increase the risk of osteoporosis [15,16,17,18,19]
Summary
Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of the osteoporotic fracture and leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and high social and economic burden [1]. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is the most widely studied among other candidate genes determining the development of osteoporosis [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms are located in the 3'-regulatory region of the VDR gene, so they are often marked as 1 haplotype; these polymorphisms increase the risk of osteoporosis [15,16,17,18,19]. Cdx is a protective polymorphism that reduces the risk of osteoporosis [20, 21]
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