Association between Polymorphisms in the IL-1β, TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and IL-6 Genes and Orthodontic-Induced External Apical Root Resorption.

Agata Ciurla,Jolanta Szymańska,Tiziana Doldo,Crystal Marruganti

doi:10.3390/jcm10184166

Agata Ciurla, Jolanta Szymańska + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184166

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Abstract

Orthodontic-induced external apical root resorption (EARR) is a severe condition affecting the roots of the teeth, whose genetic causes have been inconclusive to date. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IL-1β, TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and IL-6 genes on post-orthodontic EARR. A sample of 101 patients with clearly assessable orthopantomograms and lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and at the end of the orthodontic treatment was used to evaluate the presence of EARR. The association between genetic polymorphisms and EARR was assessed with the Chi2 test. A binary logistic multi-level model was built to evaluate the ability of patient- and tooth-level variables to predict EARR occurrence. The overall prevalence of EARR resulted to be around 40%. Within the limitations of this study, a significant association was found between EARR presence and the SNP for the IL-1β gene but not for the TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and the IL-6 genes. The final multi-level model demonstrated that the SNP for the IL-1β gene increases the odds of developing EARR by around four times. Since there is currently no accurate method to determine which patients will develop EARR prior to orthodontic treatment, further studies are needed to investigate the predictive ability of further genetic variants on EARR development.

Highlights

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial pathological process related to the irreversible resorption of the root structure
The final multi-level analysis demonstrated that the odds of EARR occurrence were almost three times higher in incisors compared to molars and around four times higher whenever the G/A IL-1β polymorphism was present
We demonstrated a significant association between EARR occurrence and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for IL-1β

Summary

Introduction

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial pathological process related to the irreversible resorption of the root structure. This is a frequent clinical complication of orthodontic treatment in response to a mechanical stimulus. Its occurrence has been reported both with and without orthodontic treatment [1]. In 5% of orthodontic patients, advanced apical root resorption may develop, leading to significant root shortening of 5 mm or more [1]. The risk of the excessive mobility of the involved teeth should be explained to the patient before the start of the treatment, even if EARR usually does not have a significant impact on teeth longevity [2]

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