Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of malignant gynecologic cancers (ovarian, endometrial, and cervical): A population-based study from the U.S.A. National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically examine the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. MethodsWe utilized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) system to identify relevant codes from the NIS database (2016–2019). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses (adjusted age, race, hospital region, hospital teaching status, income Zip score, smoking, alcohol use, and hormonal replacement therapy) were conducted to evaluate association between PCOS and gynecologic cancers. Results were summarized as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). ResultsOverall, 15,024,965 patients were analyzed, of whom 56,183 and 14,968,782 patients were diagnosed with and without PCOS, respectively. Among the patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancers (n = 91,599), there were 286 with PCOS and 91,313 without PCOS. Univariate analysis revealed that PCOS was significantly associated with higher risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI [1.18–1.63], p < 0.0001), but lower risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.55, 95 % CI [0.45–0.67], p < 0.0001) and cervical cancer (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI [0.51–0.91], p = 0.009). In contrast, after Bonferroni correction, multivariable analysis depicted that PCOS remained significantly associated with higher risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 3.90, 95 % CI [4.32–4.59], p < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between PCOS and risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI [0.89–1.34], p = 0.409) and cervical cancer (OR = 0.83, 95 % CI [0.62–1.11], p = 0.218). ConclusionThis first-ever NIS analysis showed that patients with PCOS exhibited unique gynecologic cancer risk profiles, with higher risk for endometrial cancer, and no significant risk for ovarian or cervical cancers.