Abstract
The patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffered significantly higher risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) than normal population. The aim was to assess the clinical significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as the risk factor for DVT in acute SCI patients. 207 Chinese patients were enrolled in this study, including thirty-nine (39) patients (18.8 %; 95 %CI: 13.5 %–24.2 %) diagnosed as DVT at the follow-up of 1 month. Nine (9) of the 39 patients (23.1%) were suspected of thrombosis before the screening. The MIF levels in plasma of DVT patients were significantly higher than DVT-free patients. The risks of DVT would be increased by 11 % (OR unadjusted: 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06–1.17, P<0.001) and 8 % (OR adjusted: 1.08; 1.03–1.14, P=0.001), for each additional 1 ng/ml of MIF level. Furthermore, after MIF was combined with established risk factors, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (standard error) was increased from 0.82(0.035) to 0.85(0.030). The results showed the potential association between the high MIF levels in plasma and elevated DVT risk in SCI patients, which may assist on early intervention.
Highlights
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been one of the most fatal accidents, with an annual incidence rate of about 10.4 to 83 cases per million worldwide [1,2]
The results showed the potential association between the high migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in plasma and elevated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, which may assist on early intervention
The research findings were as follows: (1) plasma MIF levels were elevated in SCI patients compared to that of in normal controls; (2) MIF levels in plasma were related to SCI severity based on Association impairment scale (ASIA); (3) higher plasma MIF were related to elevated risk of DVT in the follow-up of 1 month, for each additional 1ng/mL of MIF, the DVT risk before values refer to Mann‐Whitney U tests for differences between groups
Summary
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been one of the most fatal accidents, with an annual incidence rate of about 10.4 to 83 cases per million worldwide [1,2]. In the patients suffered from SCI, the process of neuronal damage would last for days to weeks, with primary acute neuronal injury and secondary neuronal loss due to the apoptosis or necrosis [6,7]. During this process, the timely and effective interventions can be performed to minimize the damage www.aging‐us.com to axons and the support structures [1]. The opportunities for activity and full restitution remain limited [8]
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