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Abstract
There are few studies examining the association between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the risk of hypertension with consideration for folate and vitamin B12 as related to Hcy level. We simultaneously examined the associations of plasma levels of Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12, and dietary folate intake with the prevalence of hypertension. Participants included 1046 men and 1033 women (mean age ± standard deviation: 56.0 ± 8.9 years) in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Dietary folate intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hypertension was defined based on measured blood pressure and use of antihypertensive medication. A total of 734 participants (35.3%) had hypertension. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of hypertension for the highest quartile group of Hcy were 2.36 (95% CI 1.41–3.96) in men and 1.86 (95% CI 1.11–3.11) in women, as compared with the lowest group (P for trend = 0.014 and 0.005, respectively). Dietary folate intake was not correlated with hypertension in both men and women (P for trend = 0.099 and 0.703, respectively). Plasma vitamin B12 was positively associated with hypertension only in women (P for trend = 0.027). Plasma Hcy level was positively linked with hypertension after controlling for covariates, including folate and vitamin B12.
Highlights
There are few studies examining the association between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the risk of hypertension with consideration for folate and vitamin B12 as related to Hcy level
These findings suggest that it is important to consider dietary intake and plasma levels of folate typically involved in the metabolism of Hcy in relation to the association between Hcy levels and risk of hypertension
Plasma Hcy concentration was inversely associated with plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12, dietary folate intake, and energy intake
Summary
There are few studies examining the association between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the risk of hypertension with consideration for folate and vitamin B12 as related to Hcy level. We simultaneously examined the associations of plasma levels of Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12, and dietary folate intake with the prevalence of hypertension. It is of interest to examine the hypothesis that folate and vitamin B12 are independently associated with the risk of hypertension in a general population The evidence for this hypothesis is weak, these vitamins are essential in the metabolism of methionine and are major nutritional determinants of plasma Hcy levels[27]. In the present study, we aimed to simultaneously examine the association of plasma levels of Hcy, folate, and vitamin B 12, and dietary folate intake with the prevalence of hypertension, after controlling for multiple confounding factors, using a relatively large sample size in a cross-sectional study conducted among a general Japanese population
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