Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among a National Sample of Adults With Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose: The cardiometabolic consequences associated with diabetes increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction. Physical activity is favorably associated with diabetes incidence and executive function, but surprisingly, there is limited research evaluating the effects of physical activity on cognitive function among adults with diabetes, which was the purpose of this study. Methods: Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. A national sample of older adults with diabetes was evaluated (N = 503; 60–85 yrs). The digit symbol substitution test (DSST) was used to assess executive function, with physical activity assessed through a valid questionnaire. Results: In an unadjusted weighted multivariable linear regression model, those meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines (vs not) had a DSST score 5.7 units higher (β = 5.7; 95% CI [1.46, 9.95]; P = .01). After adjusting for age, sex, race-ethnicity, smoking status, energy intake, weight status, and hypertension, those meeting MVPA guidelines (vs not) had a DSST score 3.8 units higher (β = 3.8; 95% CI [0.25, 7.32]; P = .03). Discussion: Physical activity is favorably associated with executive function among older adults with diabetes, but this association was attenuated after controlling for physical function and chronic illness.