Abstract
Recent studies have supported the relationship between periodontitis and carotid artery calcification (CAC), but still uncertain. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the association between periodontitis and CAC. The search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by checking references of included articles and related review articles. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were conducted independently. The quality assessment and publication bias analysis were performed. The association between periodontitis and CAC was presented in odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Additional outcomes included the percentage of alveolar bone loss in CAC versus non-CAC. Twelve studies were included, and 10 were performed quantity analysis. Periodontitis with secure definition (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.18 − 3.45) and insecure definition (OR = 10.78, 95%CI = 4.41 − 26.34) was associated with CAC. And a higher average percentage of alveolar bone loss (weighted mean difference = 10.84%; 95%CI = 6.40 − 15.48) was also observed in CAC patients compared to non-CAC patients. No significant publication bias was found. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and CAC.
Highlights
Arterial calcification is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the arterial wall [1]
The results from the present systematic review support a positive association between CAC and periodontitis
Based on the quantitative analyses, patients with CAC are more prone to periodontitis than the control group, with an average odd ratio (OR) of 4.42 (95%confidence interval (CI) = 2:28 − 8:58)
Summary
Arterial calcification is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the arterial wall [1]. These calcifications are considered to be the last step in the development of atherosclerosis and occur in up to 90% of atherosclerosis [2]. Carotid artery calcification (CAC) has been found closely related to cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease [3, 4], which cause approximately 30% of human deaths [5] and are the most common cause of death in industrialized countries [6]. From 2016-2017, the cost of cardiovascular disease in the United States was as high as $36.34 billion, which was 1.5 times that of ten years ago [10]. Risk factors of CAC include age, maleness, high blood pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease [12,13,14]
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