Abstract
A number of case-control studies regarding the association of the polymorphisms in the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) genes with the risk of cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive, updated meta-analysis study to identify the impact of PD-1 and PD-L1 polymorphisms on overall cancer susceptibility. The findings revealed that PD-1 rs2227981 and rs11568821 polymorphisms significantly decreased the overall cancer risk (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99, p = 0.04, TT vs. CT+CC; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67–0.94, p = 0.006, AG vs. GG, and OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96, p = 0.020, AG+AA vs. GG, respectively), while PD-1 rs7421861 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of developing cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.33, p = 0.03, CT vs. TT). The PD-L1 rs4143815 variant significantly decreased the risk of cancer in homozygous (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41–0.94, p = 0.02), dominant (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03), recessive (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96, p = 0.02), and allele (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.96, p = 0.02) genetic models. No significant association between rs2227982, rs36084323, rs10204525, and rs2890658 polymorphisms and overall cancer risk has been found. In conclusions, the results of this meta-analysis have revealed an association between PD-1 rs2227981, rs11568821, rs7421861, as well as PD-L1 rs4143815 polymorphisms and overall cancer susceptibility.
Highlights
Cancer, a main public health issue is the leading cause of death globally
For programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) polymorphisms, case-control studies from a total of 26 articles [5,6,7,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,52] examining the associations of 6 widely in PD-1 gene and cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis
Thepooled pooled analysis involving polymorphism revealed that significantly this variant decreased thedecreased overall cancer risk in cancer recessive
Summary
A main public health issue is the leading cause of death globally. It was estimated that there will be about 18.1 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million cancer deaths in 2018 [1]. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have simplified the search for potential genetic variants that are implicated in many diseases including cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are well studied genetic variations found in human genome. The number of SNPs that have so far been identified to play an important role in cancer susceptibility is significant [2]. It has been proposed that the immune system plays a key role in resisting and eliminating cancer cells and can affect cancer susceptibility. One of the main hallmarks of cancer cells is the immune suppression and evasion [3]
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