Abstract
Background Little information is available on the association between parents' metabolic syndrome (MetS) and adolescent offspring's obesity in Korea. The aim of our study is to determine the association between parent's metabolic syndrome and offspring's obesity. Methods The study data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 2009–2016. In the present study, 3140 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, their paternal pairs (PP, fathers = 2244), and maternal pairs (MP, mothers = 3022) were analyzed. Of these 3140 adolescents, 2637 had normal weight {age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) under the 85th percentile}, whereas 467 were overweight (age- and sex-specific BMI over the 85th percentile). Results Offspring's overweight and central obesity were associated with all components of the PP's metabolic risk factors, including central obesity (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001), and triglyceride (p < 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein levels (p=0.049). In addition, offspring's overweight and central obesity were also associated with the metabolic risk factors of MP, including central obesity (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001), and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, offspring's overweight was significantly and positively associated with parental central obesity (PP, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.593; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.192–2.128; MP, adjusted OR = 2.221, 95% CI: 1.755–2.812) and parental metabolic syndrome (PP, adjusted OR = 2.032; 95% CI: 1.451–2.846; MP, adjusted OR = 2.972, 95% CI: 2.239–3.964). As the number of parental metabolic risk factors increased, offspring's risk for overweight and central obesity increased (p for trends < 0.001). Conclusion Parental metabolic syndrome was associated with obesity in 12- to 18-year-old offspring in Korea.
Highlights
Worldwide trends in obesity in children and adolescents have increased over the past three decades [1]. e same trends were found in Korea, showing that childhood obesity increased from 6.8% in 1998 to 10% in 2013 [2]
We found that the risk of being overweight and central obese in the offspring was considerably associated with parental metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Among parental metabolic risk factors, Waist circumference (WC) of both PP and MP had the highest correlation coefficient with offspring’s body mass index (BMI) and WC. e odds ratio. Adjusted for age (OR) of being OW and having central obesity were increased in the offspring with paternal or maternal MetS, respectively
Summary
Worldwide trends in obesity in children and adolescents have increased over the past three decades [1]. e same trends were found in Korea, showing that childhood obesity increased from 6.8% in 1998 to 10% in 2013 [2]. Us, the aim of our study was to determine the association between parental MetS and offspring’s obesity and identify which metabolic factors in the parents had the most powerful effect on offspring obesity. Offspring’s overweight and central obesity were associated with all components of the PP’s metabolic risk factors, including central obesity (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001), and triglyceride (p < 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein levels (p 0.049). Offspring’s overweight and central obesity were associated with the metabolic risk factors of MP, including central obesity (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001), and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001). Parental metabolic syndrome was associated with obesity in 12- to 18-year-old offspring in Korea
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