Abstract
BackgroundNurses play a key role in providing patient safety. It is known that patient safety requires the improvement of patient safety culture, which can be a difficult process. One of the current challenges of hospitals is to explore the ways to improve patient safety culture. Organizational citizenship behaviors are one of the factors, which can develop organizational culture including safety culture; however, its role is not well established.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a stratified random sample of 214 nurses was selected from a largest teaching hospital in west of Iran. The institutional research board approved the study protocol. Data were collected using three self-report questionnaires: demographic information; hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSPSC); and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient test in SPSS (α < 0.05).ResultsOrganizational citizenship behaviors were found to be at an intermediate level (56.84 ± 16.22). However, some of its dimensions, including sportsmanship, civic virtue, and courtesy, were at weak levels (< 50%). The mean percentage of positive responses to the patient safety culture was 49.00 ± 14.01. The patient safety culture had significant positive correlations with organizational citizenship behaviors (r = 0.349, P = 0.001) and dimensions of altruism (r = 0.255, P = 0.001), civic virtue (r = 0.434, P = 0.001), and courtesy (r = 0.214, P = 0.001).ConclusionOur findings proposed the hypothesis that OCB has a statistical significant impact on PSC. Low levels of civic virtue, sportsmanship and courtesy behaviors may be indicative low nurses’ interest in participating in organizational affairs and nurses’ low attention to measures that prevent harm to their organization. It is recommended that nursing managers focus more on these dimensions, identifying influintioal factors and taking appropriate management measures to promote these behaviors. If our findings are confirmed in future studies, nursing managers can consider the development of organizational citizenship behaviors as one of the managerial approaches for promoting a patient safety culture.
Highlights
Nurses play a key role in providing patient safety
It is recommended that nursing managers focus more on these dimensions, identify the factors that decrease these behaviors, and take appropriate management measures to promote this group of organizational citizenship behaviors
Future studies with larger sample size at multiple institutes are recommended to confirm the findings of this study. If this finding is confirmed in future studies, nursing managers can consider the development of organizational citizenship behaviors as one of the managerial approaches for promoting patient safety culture
Summary
Nurses play a key role in providing patient safety. Organizational citizenship behaviors are one of the factors, which can develop organizational culture including safety culture; its role is not well established. Healthcare organizations focus on the development of Patient Safety Culture (PSC), and formation of safety culture is dependent on the better performance of these organizations [2]. Development and maintenance of PSC can lead to the better performance of healthcare providers [2, 3]. Nurses play a key role in ensuring the quality and safety of healthcare services [1]. Recent studies have shown that high levels of organizational commitment [3, 4] and job satisfaction [5] of nurses have positive effects on PSC. Measurement of PSC provides the necessary information for promoting patient safety and helps monitoring the changes needed at any time [5, 6]
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