Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human Immune Virus (HIV) related oral lesions and their association with Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count among treatment naïve HIV positive patients.MethodsThis was a descriptive and analytical cross sectional study. Participants were 346 treatment naïve HIV positive adult patients. These were consecutively recruited from Hoima Regional Referral hospital between March and April 2012. Data collection involved interviews, oral examinations and laboratory analysis.ResultsA total of 168(48.6%) participants had oral lesions. The four commonest lesions were oral candidiasis (24.9%, CI = 20.6-29.7%), melanotic hyperpigmentation (17.3%, CI = 13.7-21.7%), kaposi sarcoma (9.3%, CI = 6.6-12.8%) and Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) (5.5%, CI = 3.5-8.4%). There was significant association between oral candidiasis and immunosuppression measured as CD4+ less than 350 cells/mm3 (OR = 2.69, CI = 1.608-4.502, p < 0.001). Oral candidiasis was the only oral lesion significantly predictive of immunosuppression (OR = 2.56, CI = 1.52-4.30, p < 0.001) with a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 48.2%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 74.3%, 38.1% sensitivity and specificity of 81.4%.ConclusionOral candidiasis can be considered as a marker for immunesuppression, making routine oral examinations essential in the management of HIV positive patients.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human Immune Virus (HIV) related oral lesions and their association with Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count among treatment naïve HIV positive patients
Sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear an inordinate share of the global HIV burden with 23 million people living with HIV/AIDS residing in this region [1]
Current HIV prevalence rates in Uganda stand at 7.4% [2] Among the HIV-associated infections, oral lesions have been recognized as prominent features since the beginning of the epidemic and continue to be important
Summary
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human Immune Virus (HIV) related oral lesions and their association with Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count among treatment naïve HIV positive patients. 40-50% of people who are HIV-positive have been reported to have oral fungal, bacterial or viral infections, which often occur early in the course of HIV infection [3]. The occurrence of these oral lesions in HIV infection reflects the immune status of the patient with many being associated with reduced CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count. Because of this, they can be used as entry or end-
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