Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis, and prevents falls and fractures in older adults. Mexico is undergoing an epidemiologic and demographic transition with increasing obesity rates. The study’s aim was to determine the association of obesity with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in older Mexican adults. Methods: Data from 1772 Mexicans, aged ≥50 years, enrolled in a sub-sample of the 3rd wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, were included. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were used to define vitamin D status, and were categorized into tertiles. Body mass index measures were used to categorize older adults into under/normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Approximately 40% and 37% of older Mexican adults were either overweight or obese, respectively. Compared to under/normal weight older Mexicans, obese adults were 1.78 times (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.27–2.48) and 1.94 times (95% CI 1.40–2.68) more associated with the first and second tertile concentrations of serum 25(OH)D, respectively. Overweight adults were 1.52 times (95% CI 1.12–2.06) more associated with the second tertile of serum 25(OH)D concentration than under/normal weight adults. Conclusion: Overweight/Obesity was found to be significantly associated with low concentrations of serum 25(OH) in older Mexican adults.
Highlights
Vitamin D has garnered significant attention in the scientific and public health community, with an estimated one billion individuals of all ages and ethnicities currently being either insufficient or deficient worldwide [1,2,3], with the prevalence possibly being underestimated in older adults, who may have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration [4]
In addition to its role in skeletal health, epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D plays a vital role in non-skeletal health outcomes [2,7,8], where low serum concentrations were found to be associated with cancer [9], autoimmune diseases [10,11], cardiovascular disease [12], diabetes [13,14,15], and other conditions such as muscle weakness [16], schizophrenia [17], depression [18,19], cognitive deficits [20,21], and fractures and falls [22,23,24,25]
The aim of our study was to investigate the association between vitamin D status (quantified using serum 25(OH)D concentrations) and obesity (quantified using body mass index (BMI)) in older Mexican adults
Summary
Vitamin D has garnered significant attention in the scientific and public health community, with an estimated one billion individuals of all ages and ethnicities currently being either insufficient or deficient worldwide [1,2,3], with the prevalence possibly being underestimated in older adults, who may have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration [4]. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for maintaining extracellular calcium ion and phosphate levels that are vital for bone mineral homeostasis [5,6]. In addition to its role in skeletal health, epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D plays a vital role in non-skeletal health outcomes [2,7,8], where low serum concentrations were found to be associated with cancer [9], autoimmune diseases [10,11], cardiovascular disease [12], diabetes [13,14,15], and other conditions such as muscle weakness [16], schizophrenia [17], depression [18,19], cognitive deficits [20,21], and fractures and falls [22,23,24,25]. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis, and prevents falls and fractures in older adults. The study’s aim was to determine the association of obesity with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in older Mexican adults. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship, adjusting for potential confounders
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