Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether NAFLD was associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in participants without a previous history of cardiovascular disease and whether this association differed according to sex and obesity status after adjustment for other atherosclerosis risk factors, alcohol intake, and liver enzyme levels. Among 67,441 participants, data from 8,705 participants who underwent a fatty liver status and CAC assessment during routine health screening were analysed. CAC scores were calculated using computed tomography. NAFLD was diagnosed in patients with evidence of liver steatosis on ultrasonography. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between NAFLD and CAC in non-obese participants (odds ratio, 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.53]), whereas NAFLD and CAC were not associated in obese participants. Interaction analysis showed that the association between NAFLD and CAC was influenced by sex and obesity. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between NAFLD and CAC in non-obese male participants (odds ratio, 1.36 [1.07–1.75]), but not in female participants. Our study indicates that non-obese men with NAFLD are prone to CAC.
Highlights
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes
The present study aimed to investigate whether NAFLD was associated with CAC in participants without a previous history of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and whether this association differed according to obesity status after adjustment for other atherosclerosis risk factors, alcohol intake, and liver enzymes
The participants were divided into two groups according to obesity status
Summary
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether NAFLD was associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in participants without a previous history of cardiovascular disease and whether this association differed according to sex and obesity status after adjustment for other atherosclerosis risk factors, alcohol intake, and liver enzyme levels. Regional fat distribution was shown to have a significant association with the risk of coronary heart disease after adjusting for body mass index (BMI)[4]. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, but its clinical manifestation is not confined to the liver It has been associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of CVD6–8. CAC scores have been reported to be associated with increased
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