Association between Mortality from Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and Human Development Index in Brazil between 1980 and 2019.

Abstract

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs) caused more than 734,000 deaths (55% of all deaths) in Brazil in 2019, with an important socioeconomic impact. To analyze the mortality rates from CNCDs in Brazil from 1980 to 2019 and their association with socioeconomic indicators. This was a descriptive, time-series study of deaths from CNCDs in Brazil from 1980 to 2019. Data on the annual frequencies of deaths and on population were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Crude and standardized mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were estimated using the direct method (Brazilian population in 2000). The quartiles of each CNCD were calculated, where a quartile change, due to an increase in mortality rate, was represented by a chromatic gradient. The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of each Brazilian federative unit was extracted from the Atlas Brasil website and correlated with the rates of CNCD mortality. There was a reduction in mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system during the period, except in the Northeast Region. There was also an increase in mortality from neoplasia and diabetes, while the rates of chronic respiratory diseases showed little variation. There was an inverse correlation between the federative units with greater reduction in CNCD mortality rates and the MHDI. The observed decrease in mortality due to diseases of the circulatory system may reflect an improvement in socioeconomic indicators in Brazil during the period. The increase in mortality rates due to neoplasms is probably related to the aging of the population. The higher mortality rates of diabetes seem to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of obesity in Brazilian women.