Association between mismatch negativity and global functioning is specific to duration deviance in early stages of psychosis

Abstract

BackgroundMismatch negativity (MMN) is a candidate biomarker for early stages of psychosis. Although an association among duration MMN (dMMN), cognitive deficits, and functional outcome in chronic schizophrenia has been shown by a large-scale study, the effects of deviant type and clinical stages have not been investigated. MethodsWe investigated the relationships among dMMN, frequency MMN (fMMN), global functioning, and cognitive function in early stages of psychosis. The participants included 26 individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSZ), 30 individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR), and 20 healthy controls. ResultsThe correlational analyses revealed that dMMN amplitude, which was impaired in the ROSZ group compared to the healthy controls, correlated with global functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning-Functioning scale) in the ROSZ (r=−0.45) and UHR (r=−0.37) groups. The amplitude of fMMN, which did not differ among the groups, correlated with working memory (r=−0.57) only in the ROSZ group. The path analyses indicated that dMMN had a direct effect on global functioning in the ROSZ and UHR groups while fMMN had a direct effect on working memory only in the ROSZ group. ConclusionsOur findings suggested that the association between MMN and global functioning was specific to the duration deviant and was already present in early stages of psychosis. These findings confirm the usefulness of dMMN as a biological marker of early psychosis to guide treatment interventions.