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Abstract
BackgroundDairy products are known as health-promoting foods. This study prospectively examined the association between milk and yogurt intake and mortality in a community-based population.MethodsThe study population comprised of 14,264 subjects aged 40–74 years who participated in an annual health checkup. The frequency of yogurt and milk intake was categorized as none (< 1/month), low (< 1/week), moderate (1–6/week), and high (> 1/day) intake. The association between yogurt and milk intake and total, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortalities was determined using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, there were 265 total deaths, 40 cardiovascular deaths and 90 cancer-related deaths. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the total mortality in high/moderate/low yogurt intake and moderate/low milk intake groups was lower than that in none group (log-rank, P < 0.01). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for possible confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality significantly decreased in high/moderate yogurt intake group (HR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.91 for high intake, HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.49–0.99 for moderate intake) and moderate milk intake group (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.97) compared with the none yogurt and milk intake groups. A similar association was observed for cancer-related mortality, but not for cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsOur study showed that yogurt and milk intake was independently associated with a decrease in total and cancer-related mortalities in the Japanese population.
Highlights
Dairy products such as milk and yogurt are known as health-promoting foods
We examined whether the intake of milk and yogurt, two major dairy products, is associated with mortality and cause of death in a Japanese population considering the environmental factors using the database of the Yamagata study
Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the survival probability in the high/ moderate/low yogurt intake and the moderate/low milk intake groups was higher than that in the none group
Summary
Dairy products such as milk and yogurt are known as health-promoting foods. The association between intake of dairy products and health outcomes has not been established. The intake of dairy products was (2021) 7:33 associated with a better prognosis. In a previous study, increased milk consumption was associated with a reduced risk for total, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortalities in men [7]. In another study, increased yogurt intake was associated with reduced deaths due to rectal cancer in men [8]. Increased weekly intake of dairy products has been reported to be associated with decreased cardiac mortality rates in women [9]. High intake of dairy products was associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer [11]. This study prospectively examined the association between milk and yogurt intake and mortality in a community-based population
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