Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral conditions affecting both youths and adults. There are some research works suggesting a high incidence of PD in pregnant women. As an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin, PD may result in the activation of the pathways affecting the course and the pregnancy outcome. The authors, based on the literature review, try to answer the PICO question: Does maternal periodontitis (exposure) influence the incidence of complications rates in pregnancy and the development of systemic diseases in childhood and adult offspring (outcome) in the humans of any race (population) compared to the offspring of mothers with healthy periodontium (comparison)? The authors try to describe the molecular pathways and mechanisms of these interdependencies. There is some evidence that maternal periodontitis may affect the pregnancy course and outcome, resulting in preeclampsia, preterm delivery, vulvovaginitis and low birth weight. It can be suggested that maternal periodontitis may affect offspring epigenome and result in some health consequences in their adult life.
Highlights
The numerous studies reported that knowledge about periodontal disease and its potential effects on pregnancy is strongly limited in the population of pregnant women
Several studies showed that periodontal inflammation, destruction, and their impact on systemic diseases are stimulated by the presence of diabetes, and that diabetes may increase the severity of Periodontal Disease (PD) consequences [18,19,20,21,22]
Changes to the epigenome appear at different organizational units, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, non-coding RNAs are not included in epigenetic mechanisms by some specialists, since they interfere on the posttranscriptional level
Summary
The authors following the PICO (PICO is derived from the acronym for: Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparision, Outcome) guidelines want to answer, in this narrative review, the clinical question raised from the presented background data [27]. Does maternal periodontitis (intervention/exposure) influence the incidence of complications rates in pregnancy and the development of systemic diseases in childhood and adult offspring (outcome) in humans of any race (population), compared to the offspring of mothers with healthy periodontium (comparison)?
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