Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Manganese has neurotoxicity when chronically exposed to it. The symptom is similar with Parkinson`s syndrome, but the impairment of cognitive function occur faster in neurotoxicity by manganese exposure. This study investigated the association between manganese exposure and cognitive function in the general population of the elderly in the United States. METHODS: The data used in this study was National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 2011 to 2014. The subject for this study were 1626 persons aged 60 years or older, for whom blood manganese and iron concentration measured and cognitive function evaluated. Cognitive function was evaluated through the following tests. 1)Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), 2) the Animal Fluency test, 3) the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We used chi-square test or ANOVA to estimate differences in the demographic characteristics of participants. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the associations between the quartile group of the blood manganese concentration and the score of cognitive function tests, and adjusted with age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, serum heavy metals. test for trend was, assuming the association to be linear. RESULTS:The animal fluency test score was significantly lower in the Q4 of blood manganese concentration compared to Q1 (β=-1.04 (95% CI -1.97,-0.11)), while not showing meaningful difference in the Q2 and Q3. And no significant differences was observed in CERAD and DSST. No linear trend was observed among quartile groups of blood manganese concentration in all cognitive function tests. CONCLUSIONS:We found a negative relationship between Blood manganese and one cognitive function tests. But the association was inconsistent in other two tests and we couldn`t find any trend among all tests. Further study for general population should be conducted for clarifying the effect of low dose chronic manganese exposure to cognitive function. KEYWORDS: NHANES, Cognitive function, Manganese
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