Association between management of metabolic syndrome and progression of early-stage chronic kidney disease: an observational cohort study

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the effect of treating metabolic syndrome (MetS) on further kidney function decline in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: In a study period of 24 months, 162 patients with early stage CKD were enrolled. Baseline and follow-up data related to the occurrence of MetS and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed. Subjects were classified into controlled MetS (group 1) and uncontrolled MetS (group 2). Furthermore, they were subdivided into four subgroups: (A) controlled MetS at baseline and at follow-up, (B) uncontrolled MetS at baseline but controlled MetS at follow-up visits, (C) controlled MetS at baseline but uncontrolled MetS at follow-up visits, and (D) uncontrolled MetS at baseline and follow-up visits. Results: Final GFR was lower in group 2 versus group 1 (69.21 ± 20.20 vs. 82.86 ± 22.33 mL/min/1.73 m2, p <0.001). The presence of MetS had high risk to develop late-stage CKD (HR = 3.279, 95% CI: 1.545–6.958, p = 0.002). Moreover, subgroup D (HR = 2.982, 95% CI: 1.287–6.908, p = 0.011) and the presence of three (p = 0.026) or four (p = 0.049) metabolic components had high risk to develop late-stage CKD. Conclusion: Treating MetS slows CKD progression in patients with early-stage of CKD.