Association between Macronutrient Intake Pattern, Glycemic Status and Use of Antidiabetic Drugs among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

The study was aimed to assess the macronutrient intake pattern and its association to glycemic status and drug intake pattern of type 2 diabetes patients. Forty five subjects (25 males and 20 females) aged between 30 and 60 years, diagnosed with diabetes for less than 3 years were enrolled into the study. Based on Oral Anti-Diabetic drugs (OAD) treatment, they were grouped as those on mono-therapy (GpI, n=21) and dual therapy (GpII, n=25). Information about drugs profile, macronutrient intake (3 days diet recall reported as % equivalent of energy) and serum glucose profile were obtained at baseline and a 6th month follow up. Mean CHO, protein and fat intakes were 65.4±4.84, 12.6±1.26 and 22.0±4.7 % of total energy at baseline and remained essentially similar at 6<sup>th</sup> month. Patients who had controlled glycemic status (HbA<sub>1C </sub>≤ 7 %) consumed 63.4±2.70 % CHO which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those with not<strong>-</strong>controlled glycemic status (HbA<sub>1C </sub>>7 %) during both the assessment periods. Also, mean protein intake was higher and fat intake was lower among patients with good glycemic control. Significantly a higher proportion of (P<0.05) patients consuming CHO > 65 % were on dual therapy. A diet with lower carbohydrates and fat but high protein exerted good glycemic control. Number of OADs and their dosages were significantly associated to CHO intakes. Since Indian diets are predominantly carbohydrate rich, it calls for a careful management of diet among Type 2 diabetes patients