Abstract
Sleep spindles (SS) and K-complexes (KC) play important roles in human sleep. It has been reported that age, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may influence the number of SS or KC in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) 2 (N2) sleep. In this study, we investigated whether the loss of SS or KC is associated with the above factors in NREM 3 (N3) sleep. A total of 152 cases were enrolled from 2013 to 2017. The correlations between the number of SS or KC in N3 sleep and participants’ characteristics were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Chi-squared test was used to assess the effects of age, sleep efficiency, and BMI on the loss of N3 sleep, N3 spindle and N3 KC. Our results showed that there were negative correlations between the number of SS in N3 sleep with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.001), and similar trends were found for KC as well. The loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep was related with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.01), as was the loss of N3 sleep (P < 0.01). However, sleep efficiency was not related with the loss of N3 sleep, SS and KC in N3 sleep (P > 0.05). The present study supports that age, BMI, and AHI are all influencing factors of SS and KC loss in human N3 sleep, but sleep efficiency was not an influencing factor in the loss of N3 sleep and the loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep.
Highlights
Sleep spindles (SS) and K-complexes (KC) play important roles in human sleep
Considering the importance of SS and KC in NREM 3 (N3) sleep, we investigated the association between loss of sleep-specific waves and age, sleep efficiency, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in human sleep in this study
There was a negative correlation between age and sleep efficiency (P
Summary
Sleep spindles (SS) and K-complexes (KC) play important roles in human sleep. It has been reported that age, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may influence the number of SS or KC in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) 2 (N2) sleep. KC usually contains a negative high-voltage peak followed by a slower positive complex They are the most important waveforms in electroencephalography (EEG) during human sleep [3,4,5]. Age was associated with a decrease in the number and density of SS in human sleep [14], and the characteristics of SS differ between healthy humans of different ages in N2 sleep [12]. Considering the importance of SS and KC in N3 sleep, we investigated the association between loss of sleep-specific waves and age, sleep efficiency, BMI, and AHI in human sleep in this study
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