Abstract
We studied the association between living alone and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged individuals using nationwide cohort data from the Korean population. 11,686, 677 middle-aged individuals aged 40–64 years who underwent health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance System between 2009 and 2012 were followed up until December 31, 2015. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. During the median follow-up duration of 5.6 years, 393,438 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. Living alone was significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes in all adjusted models (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.07–1.09 in model 4). Individuals who lived alone for < 1 year and 1–7 years were associated with increased HRs of 1.07 (1.04–1.09) and 1.08 (1.07–1.09). Living alone was associated with incident type 2 diabetes in all subgroups. The association was stronger in men than in women and younger individuals than in older individuals. Living alone, even for a short duration, may be an important factor in type 2 diabetes development. Better household conditions and appropriate support to one-person households may be needed to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
We studied the association between living alone and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middleaged individuals using nationwide cohort data from the Korean population. 11,686, 677 middle-aged individuals aged 40–64 years who underwent health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance System between 2009 and 2012 were followed up until December 31, 2015
We presented the baseline characteristics of study participants according to living arrangement as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and number for categorical variables
We examined the associations in several subgroups related to living arrangement and type 2 diabetes, such as age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and calculated the P value for interaction using Cox regression analysis
Summary
We studied the association between living alone and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middleaged individuals using nationwide cohort data from the Korean population. 11,686, 677 middle-aged individuals aged 40–64 years who underwent health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance System between 2009 and 2012 were followed up until December 31, 2015. We studied the association between living alone and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middleaged individuals using nationwide cohort data from the Korean population. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Korea has dramatically increased from ≤ 1% in 1960 to 13.7% in 2 0149, and the prevalence is significantly observed in younger individuals, including middle-aged individuals[10]. Only a few studies in Western countries have examined the association between living arrangements and type 2 diabetes. In a German cohort study of individuals living alone, men were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women[6]. We investigated the association between living alone and incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged individuals using nationwide cohort data from the Korean population
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