Association between Left Atrium Enlargement and Intradialytic Hypotension: Role of Diastolic Dysfunction in the Hemodynamic Complications during Hemodialysis

Abstract

Symptomatic intradialytic hypotension (IH) continues to be an important complication of hemodialysis treatment. It has been suggested that patients with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction may be more sensitive to the effects of reduced cardiac filling. Left atrial volume index (LAVi) reflects the chronicity of exposure to elevated LV filling pressures. The aim of this study was to identify the association between echocardiographic disease, in particular left atrium enlargement, and IH. Echocardiograms obtained in 172 patients undergoing hemodialysis in sinus rhythm and with no significant valvular or pericardial disease were analyzed. The independent association between LAVi and IH was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. IH was identified in 27 patients (16%). The patients who experienced the hypotensive episodes had a greater prevalence of previous heart failure (59% vs 22%, P < 0.001), systolic dysfunction (33% vs 14%, P = 0.003), and LAVi > 35 mL/m(2) (59% vs 32%, P = 0.008). No differences were noted for age, gender, body mass index, duration of dialysis, blood pressure, use of drugs, and proportions of arterial hypertension, diabetes, LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction by Doppler. After multivariate analysis, only heart failure and LAVi > 35 mL/m(2) were seen to be independent predictors of IH. The finding of left atrium enlargement in patients undergoing hemodialysis may be useful in the clinical prediction of IH.