Abstract
Complement receptor 1 (CR1) gene polymorphisms that are associated with Knops blood group antigens may influence the binding of Plasmodium parasites to erythrocytes, thereby affecting susceptibility to malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotype and allele and haplotype frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Knops blood group antigens and examine their association with susceptibility to malaria in an endemic area of Brazil. One hundred and twenty-six individuals from the Brazilian Amazon were studied. The CR1-genomic fragment was amplified by PCR and six SNPs and haplotypes were identified after DNA sequence analysis. Allele and haplotype frequencies revealed that the Knb allele and H8 haplotype were possibly associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum. The odds ratios were reasonably high, suggesting a potentially important association between two Knops blood antigens (Knb and KAM+) that confer susceptibility to P. falciparum in individuals from the Brazilian Amazon.
Highlights
Malaria is a widespread parasitic disease of humans
In Brazil, 457,659 cases of malaria were registered in the Amazon region in 2007, which corresponded to an annual parasitic incidence (API) of 19.2 cases/1,000 individuals (Fernandes de Oliveira et al, 2010)
In this study we examined the frequency of -4646A > G, -4708G > A, -4795A > G, -4828A > G, -4855T > A and -4870A > G single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the 12 derived haplotypes, as well as their relationship to the susceptibility of infection by different species of malaria parasites in individuals from an endemic area in the Brazilian state of Amazonas
Summary
Malaria is a widespread parasitic disease of humans. Malaria in humans can be caused by four species of Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most cases of the disease and death across sub-Saharan Africa, while Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent parasite in other parts of the world where malaria is present (Kappe et al., 2010). There is a complex host-parasite interaction that involves both of these genomes, as well as environmental factors. No matter how prominent the role of the environment, the primary importance of genetic factors is best demonstrated by the species-specific nature of plasmodial infections. The complexity of host-parasite interactions is generally so great that the nature of such genetic differences is not easy to analyze (Luzzatto, 1974)
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