Association between ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 prescriptions and antibiotic use, sick leave duration, and repeated infections in adult patients

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives The present study aimed to analyze the association between the prescription of ivy leaf dry extract EA 575 (licensed under the trade name Prospan® in Germany) and the incidence of antibiotic use, incident bacterial complications, and days of sick leave in adult patients with cold diseases. Methods This retrospective cohort study was based on the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database and included adult patients from 1032 general practices in Germany with a documentation of common cold between 2017 and 2020 (index date) and prescription of either EA 575 or an antibiotic drug within 3 days after index date. 1:1 propensity score matching based on age, sex, index month, physician, health insurance status, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was carried out. Univariable regression models were used to investigate the association between EA 575 prescription and defined outcomes. Results Data of 7034 patients treated with EA 575 and 7034 matched patients receiving an antibiotic were available. EA 575 prescription was associated with significantly lower odds of an antibiotic prescription in the time periods of 4–30 days (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72–0.96) and 31–365 days (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.40–0.48) after the index date. EA 575 prescription was significantly associated with a lower rate of sick leave of more than 7 days (33.0% vs. 37.7%, OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73–0.90) in patients with any sick leave, as well as with lower odds of a new cough diagnosis (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98) when compared to antibiotic prescription. Conclusion Our study provides further evidence that the use of phytopharmaceuticals, in particular ivy leaf dry extract EA 575, could contribute to a reduction in the number of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infection with cough symptoms.