Association between intrauterine fetal growth restriction and ABO blood groups at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia: Retrospective study.

Abstract

To investigate the potential association between ABO blood groups and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) among pregnant women who delivered at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of pregnant women who delivered at KAUH and had postnatal follow-up visits. Missing data were completed by conducting phone interviews with patients. A total of 436 patients with a mean age of 31.2±5.5 years were included in the study. 50.7% of the women had blood type O, 28.4% had blood type A, 16.5% had blood type B, and 4.4% had blood type AB. The majority (94.7%) tested positive for the Rhesus antigen. Although statistically significant, women with blood groups AB and B exhibited higher rates of IUGR (31.6%, and 27.8%, respectively) compared to those with blood groups A and O, who had lower rates of IUGR (26.6%, and 24%, respectively). Our study results showed that women with blood groups AB and B had slightly higher rates of IUGR than those with A and O, who had lower rates of IUGR. A larger study comparing blood group O to other groups may provide more insight into the relationship between ABO blood groups and IUGR.