Abstract
BackgroundEnd stage renal disease (ESRD) is prevalent in Taiwan. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, allergies and inflammatory bowel diseases, and there are emerging evidences of correlations between HLA genotypes and renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis. The aim of this study is to investigate detailed HLA subtypes in a case-control study of Taiwanese individuals.MethodsThe polymorphisms of HLA class I and II antigens in ESRD patients and a healthy control group were retrospectively analyzed. The information of 141 ESRD patients was obtained from the medical record of the Keelung branch of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and was compared to the HLA type of a control group comprized of 190 healthy unrelated Taiwanese from one of our previous studies. In order to standardize the HLA designation of prior low-resolution typings with the more advanced DNA based typings, all HLA-A, −B and -DR were analyzed using a low resolution serologic equivalent.ResultsThe current work suggests that HLA-DR3 (odds ratio = 1.91, 95 % CI = 1.098–3.324, P = 0.024, Pc = 0.312) and HLA-DR11 (odds ratio = 2.06, 95 % CI = 1.133–3.761, P = 0.021, Pc = 0.273) may represent susceptibility risk factors for the development of ESRD in Taiwanese individuals. On the other hand, HLA-DR8 (odds ratio = 0.47, 95 % CI = 0.236–0.920, p = 0.027. Pc = 0.351) may be a protective factor. HLA-A and -B antigens did not show any contribution of progression to ESRD. However, we note that the significance of all these findings is lost when the results are corrected for multiple comparisons according to Bonferroni. Further investigation with a larger group of patients and control is needed to resolve this issue.ConclusionsHLA typing might be a useful clinical method for screening patients with high risk of progression to ESRD.
Highlights
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is prevalent in Taiwan
The prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are high in Taiwan [1], and the morbidity associated with the ESRD has become a serious public health issue
General characteristics of the study population Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) polymorphism was analyzed to determine the differences between 190 healthy control individuals and 141 ESRD patients (Table 1)
Summary
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is prevalent in Taiwan. The prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are high in Taiwan [1], and the morbidity associated with the ESRD has become a serious public health issue. One possible reason is that preventive care of CKD is low in the Taiwan [2] and the causes of CKD among Taiwanese are diverse, the most common being diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis [3]. No clear risk factors have been defined for these patients it is believed that their demography and proper access to medical care largely contribute to the lack of prevention and poor management of CKD. The screening of individuals without apparent symptoms or not at risks is not applied in Taiwan [4].
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