Abstract
AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of varicose veins among patients with hemorrhoidal disease and to compare its incidence reported in various community-based studies.MethodThe study group comprised of 100 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic internal or external hemorrhoids; the control group consisted of 100 volunteers who received no prior therapy for hemorrhoidal disease and lacked any symptoms or findings suggestive of this condition. Subjects in both the groups were inquired with respect to their demographic data and risk factors. Both groups were asked to stand for two minutes before performing leg examinations while still in the standing position. The findings were recorded for both the groups. Varicose veins were classified according to the clinical appearance section of the Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification that was developed by the 1994 American Venous Forum.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and body mass index (BMI). Significant relationships were identified between the groups with respect to the incidence of varicose veins and chronic constipation. The incidence of C1 and C2 varicose veins observed in the study group was higher than that observed in the control group. The incidence of chronic constipation was higher in the study group than that in the control group.DiscussionLower extremity chronic venous insufficiency is more common in patients with hemorrhoidal disease which increases intra-abdominal pressure. A chronic increase in this pressure causes conditions, such as constipation, which trigger both lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoidal disease.
Highlights
Hemorrhoidal disease is a very common condition that affects the anorectal area and is characterized by the distal displacement of the anal cushions, which results in associated symptoms [1]
There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and body mass index (BMI)
Significant relationships were identified between the groups with respect to the incidence of varicose veins and chronic constipation
Summary
Hemorrhoidal disease is a very common condition that affects the anorectal area and is characterized by the distal displacement of the anal cushions, which results in associated symptoms [1]. Hemorrhoidal disease is most frequently observed in individuals aged 65-74 years, its occurrence tends to decrease after 75 years of age. It is rarely observed in individuals aged >20 years. One cause of the condition is the decrease in muscle tone in the anal region that is associated with increasing age. Studies conducted in the 1980s have demonstrated that the high incidence of this condition generally observed in the elderly has shifted toward middle-aged individuals, which has been interpreted as a consequence of changes in nutritional habits. Hospital-based proctoscopy studies show that most patients are asymptomatic, its incidence can be as high as 86% [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
