Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index with Bone Mineral Density in Post-Menopausal Women Who Have Undergone Total Thyroidectomy.

Tai-Hua Chiu,He-Jiun Jiang,Ming-Chen Shih,Jui-Sheng Hsu,Mei-Yueh Lee,Wei-Hao Hsu,Hui-Chen Yu,Szu-Chia Chen

doi:10.3390/nu12061683

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and may result in fractures and disabilities. Total thyroidectomy has also been associated with loss of bone mass. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations among nutritional status, skeletal muscle index and markers of bone turnover to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy were included. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) was calculated using baseline body weight and serum albumin level. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the height squared and assessed using DXA. Results. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that a low GNRI was significantly associated with low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score, and that a low ASM/height2 was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score. A low vitamin D level was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A high bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was significantly associated with low femoral neck T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A low insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly associated with low total hip BMD and T-score. Conclusion: In the postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy in this study, BMD was positively associated with GNRI, skeletal muscle mass index, and levels of vitamin D and serum IGF-1, and inversely associated with bone ALP level. Nutritional status, skeletal muscle mass index and bone turnover biomarkers can be used to early identify patients with a high risk of osteoporosis in this high-risk group.

Highlights

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, compromised bone strength, and structural deterioration of bone tissue
Several studies have described the impact of thyroidectomy on bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium metabolism, and proposed possible mechanisms that may contribute to a reduction in bone mass and osteoporosis after thyroidectomy, including thyroid hormone dysregulation [5] and loss of the protective effect of thyrotropin due to thyroxine treatment [6]
We found that a high appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/Ht2 was associated with higher femoral neck BMD and T-score in postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy

Summary

Introduction

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, compromised bone strength, and structural deterioration of bone tissue It is a very common progressive skeletal disorder which can cause bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures [1]. Many studies have reported an association between osteoporosis and postoperative thyrotropin suppression therapy, especially in postmenopausal women who have undergone thyroidectomy [7,8,9]. Total thyroidectomy has been associated with loss of bone mass. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations among nutritional status, skeletal muscle index and markers of bone turnover to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy.

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion