Association between GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in Caucasian and Asian populations: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies.

Dong Jiang,Shuzheng Wen,Wen Guo,Jihong Wang,Dongsheng Fan,Zengtao Hao,Pengcheng Xu,Chao Yin

doi:10.1186/s13018-016-0436-4

Abstract

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex genetic background. Variants in growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in several ethnic populations. The present study aimed to assess the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA through a meta-analysis of available case-control studies.MethodsThe PubMed and Science Direct citation databases were used to search electronic literature in order to identify studies published between January 2007 and July 2016 that evaluated the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA. Different genetic models were used to assess the pooled and stratified data.ResultsA positive association was found in all pooled studies (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI = 0.754–0.866, p < 0.001). Regarding genotypes, significant associations were found using a dominant model (OR = 0.777, 95 % CI = 0.708–0.852, p < 0.001), a recessive model (OR = 0.723, 95%CI = 0.623–0.839, p < 0.001), and an additive model (CC vs TT OR = 0.648, 95 % CI = 0.552–0.760, p < 0.001; CC vs CT OR = 0.801, 95 % CI = 0.685–0.936, p = 0.005). Meta-analysis data were stratified by ethnicity, and the GDF5 C allele was found to be positively associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians, as were the GDF5 TC and CC genotypes. In addition, using an additive model, the CC genotype was found to be significantly associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians when comparing CC vs TT genotypes, but not in Caucasians when comparing TT vs CT genotypes.ConclusionsMeta-analysis results indicated that the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism is a protective factor for OA among Caucasian and Asian populations.

Highlights

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex genetic background
Study identification and selection The PubMed and Science Direct citation databases were used to search electronic literature to identify studies published between January 2007 and July 2016 that evaluated the association between the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA
Fifty-two articles that evaluated the association between GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA were identified (Fig. 1)

Summary

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex genetic background. Variants in growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in several ethnic populations. Proteins encoded by GDF5 are members of the TGF-beta superfamily and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family Proteins of this group contain a polybasic proteolytic processing site, which can produce a mature protein with seven conserved cysteine residues [9]. These proteins have been shown to be regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. A number of research groups have reported associations between the GDF5 +104T/C SNP and the susceptibility to OA in different ethnic populations. Weak or a complete lack of association in different ethnic populations has been reported by other groups, which may be the result of publication bias, differences in allele frequencies between races, or limited sample sizes

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Discussion

Conclusion