Abstract
To investigate associations between fruit consumption and lipid profiles, and to further explore a satisfactory level of frequency and daily fruit intake for children and adolescents. A national sample of 14,755 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years from seven provinces in China were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected to test the lipid profile. Information regarding fruit consumption and other characteristics was collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounding covariates were applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Participants who consumed fruits for 6–7 days per week had lower risks of high triglycerides (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58–0.75), dyslipidemia (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86), and hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.81), compared to fruit consumption of 0–2 days per week. Risks of high triglycerides, dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia of those who consumed fruits for 0.75–1.5 servings each day also decreased, compared to the insufficient fruit intake. The combined effects of high frequency and moderate daily intake of fruit on lipid disorders did not change essentially. The associations were more evident in girls, younger children and those whose families had higher educational levels. Moderate fruit consumption was associated with lower odds of lipid disorders, predominantly in girls, younger participants, and those came from higher-educated families. These findings supported the health effect of moderate fruit intake frequently to improve the childhood lipid profiles.
Highlights
IntroductionObserved from the 10-year trend of serum lipids, the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents was 28.9% in 2014 [2], while in 2015, it increased to
As such, screening children and adolescents for lipid profiles, which usually included the measurements of serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), might have the potential to identify the affected subjects, reduce the burdens of long-term cholesterol through intervention, and postpone or prevent cardiovascular events during adulthood
Our findings confirmed that a diet rich in fruit could be effective for improving lipid health
Summary
Observed from the 10-year trend of serum lipids, the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents was 28.9% in 2014 [2], while in 2015, it increased to. 31.6% in a nationally representative pediatric population with 129,426 participants [4] It showed a younger-age trend during recent decades, and could be progressive into adulthood. As such, screening children and adolescents for lipid profiles, which usually included the measurements of serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C and LDL-C, might have the potential to identify the affected subjects, reduce the burdens of long-term cholesterol through intervention, and postpone or prevent cardiovascular events during adulthood. The challenge was to maintain appropriate lipid levels at the right time, most commonly by early behavioral and lifestyle interventions for high-risk children and adolescents
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