Association Between Firearm Purchasing in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress, August 2021

Abstract

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between firearm purchasing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and stress MethodsWe analyzed data from a survey that approximated a nationally representative sample of American adults (n=3528) who either did not own firearms (n=2327) or who purchased firearms for the first time in response to the pandemic (n=240). Self-reported stress, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were determined using standardized self-assessment questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-4], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2], and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS] respectively). Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the association between firearm-purchasing and each mental health measure after controlling for demographics and other determinants. ResultsIn each model, first-time firearm owners were more likely to be younger, live in urban areas, believe the government does too much for its citizens, stay home, stock up on items, and keep their children at home. Compared to nonowners, first-time owners had a significantly higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms (adjusted Odds Ratio[aOR]=1.05, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]:1.04-1.07 and aOR=1.15, 95%CI:1.04-1.26, respectively). ConclusionsFirst-time firearm purchasers report higher depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to non-owners, suggesting that there may be a risk for suicide and other related firearm violence.