Association between Fatty Liver Index and Periodontitis: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Ji-Youn Kim,Kyungdo Han,Hyun Chul Song,Gyu-Na Lee,Yong-Moon Park,Yu-Bae Ahn,Seung-Hyun Ko

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60797-7

Ji-Youn Kim, Kyungdo Han + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60797-7

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Abstract

It has been suggested that periodontitis is associated with metabolic abnormalities including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The fatty liver index (FLI) is a non-invasive surrogate marker and predictor of NAFLD. We aimed to determine whether FLI itself would be associated with periodontitis through a secondary analysis of previously reported nationally representative probability sample data of the Korean population. FLI was calculated from a previously developed algorithm which combines measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Periodontitis was diagnosed based on the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) developed by the World Health Organization. Of 4,272 participants, 26.1% were diagnosed with periodontitis. Higher FLI was associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis (Odds ratio (OR) highest vs. lowest quartile of FLI,1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.16; P = 0.001 for trend) adjusting for confounding factors. In the highest FLI quartile, prevalence of periodontitis was higher in individuals with diabetes (OR highest vs. lowest quartile of FLI, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.01–8.27 for diabetic subgroup; OR highest vs. lowest quartile of FLI, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07–1.96 for non-diabetic subgroup). In summary, FLI was associated with prevalent periodontitis.

Highlights

Fatty liver index (FLI) is an algorithm that combines measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)[9]
Data of this study were obtained by secondary analysis of a previously reported nation-wide probability sample data, which was previously reported as the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) study[11]
Regarding anthropometric factors associated with obesity, the periodontitis group showed higher BMI (24.2 vs. 23.3, P < 0.0001), larger waist circumference (83.4 cm vs. 78.9 cm, P < 0.0001), higher systolic blood pressure (124.9 mmHg vs. 115.9 mmHg, P < 0.0001), and higher diastolic blood pressure (79 mmHg vs. 75.7 mmHg, P < 0.0001)

Summary

Introduction

Fatty liver index (FLI) is an algorithm that combines measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)[9]. We hypothesize that FLI may be associated with periodontitis prevalence. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between FLI and periodontitis in a large probability sample of the Korean population using data from the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Since NAFLD accounts for 20–30% and 5–18% of the general population in Western and Asian countries[10], respectively, it is assumable that a population group with a high prevalence of periodontitis may exist among those not diagnosed with NAFLD but possess high FLI. This hypothesis may be observable in a large population dataset such as KNHANES. Benefitting from the size of the dataset, we stratified the Korean general population according to FLI quartiles to see if the association with periodontitis was stronger in subjects with higher FLI

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