Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to particulates may be a factor in the etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this novel study, we investigated the relationship between particulate levels and prevalence of MetS component abnormalities (hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity) in a recruited cohort (N = 2025) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We observed significant associations between a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and increased risks for MetS (Risk Ratio (RR): 1.12; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.06–1.19), hyperglycemia (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03–1.14), and hypertension (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.14). PM2.5 from soil/road dust was found to be associated with hyperglycemia (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19) and hypertension (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05–1.18), while PM2.5 from traffic was associated with hyperglycemia (RR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05–1.71). We did not observe any health associations with source-specific mass exposures. Our findings suggest that exposure to specific elemental components of PM2.5, especially Ni, may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic disorders.
Highlights
Jeddah, a major metropolitan city of nearly 3.4 million residents, serves as a commercial, economic and cultural hub of Saudi Arabia and the Middle East [1]
We investigated the relationship between particulate levels and prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) component abnormalities in a recruited cohort (N = 2025) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
After adjusting for confounders, we found that PM10 was not associated with MetS (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95–1.13), hyperglycemia (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.92–1.05), hypertension (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.13), and BMI (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.89–1.02)
Summary
A major metropolitan city of nearly 3.4 million residents, serves as a commercial, economic and cultural hub of Saudi Arabia and the Middle East [1]. Rapid population growth and expansion of the city have resulted in deteriorating air quality, raising concerns about the potential health effects. Ambient air pollution is linked with adverse health effects, with numerous studies establishing causal associations between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and elevated risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2]. Preliminary epidemiological and mechanistic evidence have suggested that ambient air pollution exposure is involved in the development of cardiometabolic disorders [3]. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors, with the Adult Treatment Panel III formally defining MetS as having at least three of the five out of hypertension, abdominal obesity, elevated. Public Health 2018, 15, 27; doi:10.3390/ijerph15010027 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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