Association between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Depression among Middle-income Country Adults: Evidence from National Health Survey.

Eduardo Lattari,Sérgio Machado,Andreza Jesus Costa Pascouto,Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira,Livia Soares Silva,Aldair José Oliveira,Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhao Neto

doi:10.2174/1745017902117010198

Eduardo Lattari, Sérgio Machado + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902117010198

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Abstract

Objective:This study assessed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression in adults.Methods:A total of 52,611 individuals aged between 18-59 years old were evaluated for symptoms of depression and CRF. The presence of depressive symptoms was self-report through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the CRF was predicted from a non-exercise equation. The association between CRF and the presence of depression was determined by crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions.Results:The associations were identified between symptoms of depression and CRF in both unadjusted and adjusted models. After adjusting for age categories, sex, body mass index categories, educational level, marital status, smoking, and alcohol use, the individuals with moderate CRF had 18% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.82, CI 95%: 0.71 – 0.95) compared to individuals with low CRF.Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are inversely related to CRF levels in adults.

Highlights

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by profound dysregulation of mood and affect and loss of pleasure [1]
MDD patients have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than the general population [16], which is associated with cardiovascular disease and risk of death [17]
A previous study suggested that the prevalence of mental disorders to age 32, including major depression, which was approximately doubled in prospective compared to retrospective data [31]

Summary

Introduction

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by profound dysregulation of mood and affect and loss of pleasure [1]. MDD is a common and debilitating disease that disturbs people from adolescence to old age [2 - 4], and around 264 million people have already been affected [5] MDD patients have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than the general population [16], which is associated with cardiovascular disease and risk of death [17]. In this context, low CRF in depressed patients is a critical risk factor due to its relationship with cardiovascular disease and premature mortality [18]. The improvement of CRF has been strongly recommended for these patients [19]

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