Association between Dietary Vitamin A and HPV Infection in American Women: Data from NHANES 2003-2016.

Xian Huang,Yingxuan Zhang,Songping Luo,Qingying Yu,Qiuting Feng,Fangfang Zhu,Yanlan Zhong,Jie Gao,Jingwei Li,Chi Chen

doi:10.1155/2020/4317610

Abstract

Objective Evidence regarding the relationship between vitamin A and HPV infection was limited. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate whether vitamin A was independently related to HPV infection in 13412 American women from NHANES for seven cycles. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 13412 eligible participants who had available HPV tests and vitamin A intake data were registered in the NHANE database from 2003 to 2016. The targeted independent variable and the dependent variable were vitamin A measured at baseline and HPV infection, respectively. We analyzed the association between dietary vitamin A intake and the prevalence of HPV infection. Besides, GAM and smooth curve fittings were used to address the nonlinear relationship between vitamin A and HPV infection to determine the effect of HPV infection. Results The result of fully adjusted binary logistic regression showed vitamin A was not associated with the risk of HPV infection after adjusting confounders (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.97–1.02). A nonlinear relationship was detected between vitamin A and HPV infection, whose inflection point was 10.5 of log2 vitamin A (by the recursive algorithm). One unit increase of log2 vitamin A is associated with the 10% reduced risk of HPV infection when dietary vitamin A is < 1448.155mcg. Conversely, when the dietary vitamin A intake is ≧1448.155 mcg, for each additional log2 of vitamin A, the risk of HPV infection increased by 70%. Conclusions We found that dietary vitamin A was quite different from the trend of HPV infection in different confidence intervals. The results suggested that an appropriate amount (95% CI: 0.9–1.0, <10.5 of log2 transformer, i.e., 1448.155 mcg) of dietary vitamin A may be beneficial to prevent HPV infection. However, excessive intake of dietary vitamin A (95% CI: 1.1–2.8, ≧10.5 of log2 transformer, i.e., 1448.155 mcg) may increase the risk of HPV infection.

Highlights

Vitamin A, an essential fat-soluble vitamin throughout the human life cycle, is widely found in eggs, milk, liver, fresh vegetables, and fruits
A total of 13412 participants were involved in this research before we screened participants according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as presented in Figure 1. e baseline characteristics of selected women are presented in Table 1 according to Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
We found the intake of dietary vitamin A was negatively associated with the risk of HPV infection in the unadjusted model. e model-based effect size can be explained as each additional increase in log2 transformer vitamin A consumption was associated with a 10% lower risk of HPV infection (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87–0.92)

Summary

Introduction

Vitamin A, an essential fat-soluble vitamin throughout the human life cycle, is widely found in eggs, milk, liver, fresh vegetables, and fruits. It cannot be synthesized by itself, so it must be taken through diet [1]. E 2015 American Dietary Guidelines recommended that women consume 700 mcg of vitamin A daily [2]. The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) determined that even though vitamin A was an indispensable nutrient, many Americans tended to ignore. Vitamin A accounts for a large proportion of enrichment and/or fortification (E/F) of food supply; potential harm due to excessive vitamin A intake should be taken into consideration [8]. Excessive intake of vitamin A can cause liver damage, jaundice, and cirrhosis [9]. erefore, inadequate or excessive intake of vitamin A may lead to adverse events

Methods

Results

Conclusion