Abstract
Background: During orthodontic consultation, the most frequent major complaint of the patients is dental crowding, which is caused by a disparity between the arch length and tooth size. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between crowding and the effective maxillary and mandibular length in Nepalese orthodontic patients.Methods: The orthodontic records of 390 people (from January 2018 to December 2020) were randomly selected and classified into three skeletal malocclusions based on the ANB angle (Angle formed by point A and point B at the nasion). Subjects with skeletal malocclusions were subdivided into two groups depending on the degree of crowding in the mandibular arch: Group 1 had crowding of < 3mm, and Group 2 had crowding of >3mm. On pretreatment casts, digital vernier calipers (Digimatic, Precise, India) were used to assess dental arch crowding, whereas, on a pretreatment lateral cephalogram, digital cephalometric analysis (Vistadent OC 1.1, USA) was done to quantify effective maxillary and mandibular length. Inter-group comparisons were assessed using a one-way analysis of variance. The correlation was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p≤0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference in effective maxillary and mandibular length among skeletal malocclusions (p<0.05). Skeletal Class II malocclusion had the greatest mandibular crowding, while skeletal Class III malocclusion had the least. The effective maxillary and mandibular lengths and dental crowding had a significant but weak inverse correlation, whereas a strong but moderate positive correlation existed between the maxillary and mandibular effective lengths (r=0.674) and also between maxillary and mandibular crowding (r=0.631).Conclusion: Effective maxillary length was highest in skeletal class II malocclusion whereas effective mandibular length was highest in skeletal class III malocclusion. The shorter effective maxillary and mandibular lengths showed a weak association with dental crowding.
Highlights
The most frequent chief complaint of the patient during orthodontic consultation is dental crowding
A comparison of effective maxillary length between different classes of skeletal malocclusions revealed that skeletal class II patients had considerably longer effective maxillary length, there was no statistically significant difference between mandibular crowding groups or genders (Table 2)
A comparison of effective mandibular length among different classes of skeletal malocclusions revealed that skeletal class III individuals had considerably longer mandibular length, there was no statistically significant difference between mandibular crowding groups or genders (Table 3)
Summary
The most frequent chief complaint of the patient during orthodontic consultation is dental crowding. This study aimed to find out the association between crowding and the effective maxillary and mandibular length among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu, Nepal. The most frequent major complaint of the patients is dental crowding, which is caused by a disparity between the arch length and tooth size. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between crowding and the effective maxillary and mandibular length in Nepalese orthodontic patients. Digital vernier calipers (Digimatic, Precise, India) were used to assess dental arch crowding, whereas, on a pretreatment lateral cephalogram, digital cephalometric analysis (Vistadent OC 1.1, USA) was done to quantify effective maxillary and mandibular length. The shorter effective maxillary and mandibular lengths showed a weak association with dental crowding.
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