Association between changes in sensory impairment and functional disability in older adults: A longitudinal study

Abstract

BackgroundGiven the rapidly aging population, the relationship between sensory impairment and functional disability in older adults is gaining attention. Dual sensory impairment is a known risk factor for every competency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of changes in sensory impairments on functional disabilities. MethodsThe study targeted 5,852 participants from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2020). Functional disability was measured using the Korean version of the activities of daily Life and the instrumental activities of daily life scales. Sensory impairment was assessed using self-reported questionnaires. A generalized estimation equation model was used to evaluate the effect of sensory impairment on functional disability over time. ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, we observed an association between changes in sensory impairment and functional disability measured by activities of daily life and instrumental activities of daily life. Groups with worsened sensory impairment had a high risk of every competence (activities of daily life: odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.40; instrumental activities of daily life: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19–1.39). In addition, strong associations have also been shown in dual sensory impairment (activities of daily life: OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.57–2.65; instrumental activities of daily life: OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.95–2.80). ConclusionBy addressing sensory impairment early, healthcare providers in Korea can prevent functional disabilities and improve the overall well-being of middle-aged and older adults. Managing the decline in their senses can be beneficial in enhancing their quality of life.