Abstract
Muscle strength can be a predictor of depressive symptoms among the elderly. We conducted a prospective study aiming to examine the association between change of handgrip strength and the incidence risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese female college students. Handgrip strength was used as a representative indicator of skeletal muscle strength, and a handheld digital smedley dynamometer was applied to measure handgrip strength. We also used the 20-item Zung self-rating depression scale to evaluate depressive status, and a score of ≥50 indicated moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. During a 1-year follow-up period, the incidence of depressive symptoms is 10.7%. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed that the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of depressive symptoms for the categories of handgrip strength change was 1.00 (reference) for group 1, 0.57 (0.28, 1.19) for group 2, 0.41 (0.19, 0.89) for group 3 and 0.33 (0.11, 0.99) for group 4 (p = 0.018). This study indicated that change of handgrip strength level over one-year period is negatively associated with risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese female college students.
Highlights
Depression, characterized by sadness or irritability and accompanied by at least several psychophysiological changes, such as disturbances in sleep, appetite, or sexual desire [1], is currently the most common mental disorder
Previous studies confirmed that weaker skeletal muscle strength led to increased serum proinflammatory
There were no significant differences observed across the handgrip strength categories
Summary
Depression, characterized by sadness or irritability and accompanied by at least several psychophysiological changes, such as disturbances in sleep, appetite, or sexual desire [1], is currently the most common mental disorder. Depression contributes to 4.4% of disease burden [3], but is identified as a leading cause of suicide [4]. It is widely known that increased inflammatory secretion may play a significant role in etiopathogenetic of depression. Inflammatory cytokines have been suggested to alter neurotransmission [5], hippocampal neurogenesis [6], and stress-related hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [7] and sympathetic system activation [8], which can cause changes in structure and function of the brain and subsequent development of depression [9]. A major secretory organ, can secrete and produce numerous proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15 [10]. Previous studies confirmed that weaker skeletal muscle strength led to increased serum proinflammatory
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