Association between changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study was performed to determine the association between changes in the HDL-C concentration and incident CVD. MethodsTime-dependent Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between changes in the HDL-C concentration and the risk of incident CVD. Participants were followed up from 2015 to 2021. ResultsIn total, 24,123 participants with a median follow-up of 4.26 years were analyzed, and the mean age of the cohort was 56.24 years, 57.8 % were female, 24.3 % were current smokers, and 12.8 % had a history of alcohol use. Low, normal, and high HDL-C was defined as <40, 40–80, and >80 mg/dL, respectively. The average time for the two HDL-C measurements was 2.8 years,compared with participants whose HDL-C was maintained at a normal level, the risk of CVD was higher in those whose HDL-C changed to a low level, remained unchanged at a low level(HR, 1.24; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.40,P < 0.001), similarly, the risk of CVD was higher in those whose HDL-C changed from very high level to normal level(HR, 0.81; 95 % CI, 0.67–0.99,P = 0.039). Also compared with participants whose HDL-C was maintained at a normal level, the risk of CVD was lower in those whose HDL-C increased from low to normal and high(HR, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.66–0.98,P = 0.029). ConclusionsParticipants whose HDL-C changed to a low level and whose low HDL-C level was maintained had a higher risk of CVD, whereas participants whose HDL-C changed from low to high had a lower risk of CVD.