Abstract

BackgroundTo investigate the association between CHADS2 score, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in a large general population from China.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 11,956 permanent residents of Liaoning Province in China ≥ 35 years of age was conducted between January and August 2013 (response rate 85.3%). All participants completed a questionnaire, had a physical examination, and underwent blood examination. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), while the quality of life (QoL) was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF).ResultsWith increasing CHADS2 score, the prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 4.9 to 27.8% (P < 0.001), and all scores of WHOQOL-BREF decreased significantly (all Ps < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding risk factors, subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 3 had higher risk of depressive symptoms than those with CHADS2 score = 0 (all Ps < 0.05). Also, CHADS2 score was negatively associated with all scores of WHOQOL-BREF (all Ps < 0.001). Furthermore, subjects with any item in CHADS2 had higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (all Ps < 0.001). Heart failure and stroke remained independently associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounding risk factors and other items (Ps < 0.001), while heart failure, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, and stroke were all independently negatively associated with the total score of WHOQOL-BREF (all Ps < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CHADS2 score is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and impaired quality of life in the general population.

Highlights

  • To investigate the association between CHADS2 score, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in a large general population from China

  • There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipid cholesterol (HDL-C), LDLC, or serum uric acid between the two groups

  • Congestive heart failure, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, and stroke were all independently negatively associated with the total score of WHOQOL-BREF after adjusting for gender, BMI, TC, TG, low density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, serum uric acid, eGFR, smoking, drinking, education, income, physical activity, sleep time, and other items in CHADS2

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Summary

Introduction

To investigate the association between CHADS2 score, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in a large general population from China. Quality of life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as individuals’ perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns [6]. It has received growing attention recently, and can be impaired in patients with established CVD [7] or in individuals at high risk of CVD [8]

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