Abstract
BackgroundsIn the last two decades, studies have been widely carried out to assess the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene in exon 7 and the risk of urolithiasis. However, inconsistency across the studies was reported. Therefore, our current study aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between the risk of urolithiasis and the gene polymorphisms of CaSR R990G, CaSR A986S, and CaSR Q1011E.MethodsPublished papers from PubMed, Embase, Cohcrane, and Web of science were included for the study, and they were analyzed using fixed or random effect model.ResultsA total of 11 papers consisting of eight papers evaluating CaSR R990G, nine papers evaluating CaSR A986S, and five papers evaluating CaSR Q1011E were included in our analysis. Our pooled calculation found that protective effect against urolithiasis was observed in R allele and RR genotype of CaSR R990G and A allele and AA genotype of CaSR A986S. Conversely, increased susceptibility to urolithiasis was found in G allele and RG genotype of CaSR R990G and S allele of CaSR A986S. Interestingly, our findings in sub-group analysis confirmed that the correlation between CaSR R990G and urolithiasis was found in Caucasian population. Meanwhile, in Asian population, the association was observed in CaSR A986S.ConclusionsCaSR R990G and CaSR A986S, but not CaSR Q1011E, are associated with the risk of urolithiasis.
Highlights
Urolithiasis was reported as the main health problem and associated with high morbidity in some countries such as Taiwan, Germany, the USA, Greece, Iceland, and Iran [1– 8]
Search strategy and data extraction Papers concerning the association between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene polymorphisms (CaSR R990G, CaSR A guanine–thymine substitution at codon 986 (A986S), and CaSR A cytosine–guanine substitution at codon 1011 (Q1011E)) and the risk of urolithiasis were searched in major scientific websites (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science) up to 10 April 2019
Baseline characteristics of studies included in our meta-analysis are summarized in Table 1 for CaSR R990G, Table 2 for CaSR A986S, and Table 3 for CaSR Q1011E
Summary
Urolithiasis was reported as the main health problem and associated with high morbidity in some countries such as Taiwan, Germany, the USA, Greece, Iceland, and Iran [1– 8]. The prevalence of urolithiasis vary, ranging from 1.9% in the USA to 15% in Greece [2–8]. Urolithiasis had been reported to cause several fatal complication including hydronephrosis, perinephric abscess [9], and end-stage renal failure [10]. The treatment for urolithiasis remains challenging due to discrepancies regarding the clinical indications and the efficacy [11], and it was. Calcium stones are caused by multifactoral, the basic pathway is an imbalance of calcium homeostasis [13]. This pathological state is dominantly governed by calcium-sensing
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