Abstract
Abstract Objectives Breast milk adipokines are associated with growth, body mass index (BMI) and weight gain in infants. In this study, the effect of breastmilk adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on the BMI and weight gain of breast-fed infants was evaluated using systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and methods We used PRISMA checklist for carrying out this study. 752 articles were collected from the database searching and other sources from 1994 to April 2019. According to the criteria in the study, 25 articles remained for evaluation. Eight papers were related to the effect of breast milk leptin on weight gain and BMI of infants that were evaluated by meta-analyzing. The adiponectin articles were surveyed by systematic review. Results There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis study. The results of random-effect model indicated a reverse and significant correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI (r=−0.331). The adiponectin level in breast milk was associated with the BMI and weight gain of infants. Conclusions Meta-analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI in infants; furthermore, the systematic review study expressed significant correlation between breast milk adiponectin with growth (BMI and weight gain) in infants.
Highlights
The global epidemic of overweight has become a general issue in recent years
The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the articles
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of breastmilk adiponectin and leptin on infant growth (BMI, weight gain)
Summary
The global epidemic of overweight has become a general issue in recent years. Overweight can lead to obesity that is associated with metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular, and mental diseases. Breast milk is the first liquid for nutrition after the birth of the infants [1]. Several studies have shown a significant relationship between breastfeeding and overweight in childhood and later life [2]. Breast milk contains 87–90% water that is the main source of water for infants. There are hormones and proteins in breast milk including adipokines. Adipokines are hormones such as resistin, obestatin, nesfatin, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin and TNF-α that are secreted from adipocytes [3]. Many studies reported the effect of adipokines on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis of energy, nutritional energy, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, immune system, fat tissue production, vascular function, coagulation, setting appetite, and body weight balance short- and long-term
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