Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between breakfast omission, overweight/obesity, abdominal adiposity, and unhealthy lifestyle of low-income adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional population study involving 571 public school students aged between 15 and 19 years old. The habit of having breakfast was assessed using a form, checking the weekly frequency of a given meal and considered as breakfast omission when these adolescents did not have breakfast for at least 5 days in the past week. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (sedentarism, physical activity level, and sleep duration) were also assessed. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index above a Z-score of +1, and the presence of abdominal adiposity was determined by a waist circumference/height ratio greater than 0.5. The association between breakfast omission and lifestyle variables was assessed using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression of the anthropometric indicators. Results The omission of breakfast was found in 31% of the adolescents and was associated with physical inactivity (p<0.001). Regarding anthropometric indicators, breakfast omission was an independent factor for determining abdominal adiposity, with a 1.8 times greater chance of having this condition among those who omitted breakfast (p=0.037). Conclusions Omitting breakfast was frequent among the students assessed, and was associated with abdominal adiposity, a cardiometabolic risk factor. Investigation and early intervention are fundamental to change this behavior.
Highlights
Adolescence comprises a phase of sudden changes in which individuals establish the bases for their health throughout adulthood, being so an opportune moment for carrying out interventions [1]
The omission of breakfast was found in 31% of the adolescents and was associated with physical inactivity (p
Breakfast omission was an independent factor for determining abdominal adiposity, with a 1.8 times greater chance of having this condition among those who omitted breakfast (p=0.037)
Summary
Adolescence comprises a phase of sudden changes in which individuals establish the bases for their health throughout adulthood, being so an opportune moment for carrying out interventions [1]. While most papers in the literature have assessed the association of the habit of omitting breakfast among young people with the occurrence of overweight/obesity, few assessed the impact of this behavior on abdominal adiposity, especially among Brazilian adolescents in which the scientific literature is still scarce and not conclusive [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Most existing studies, when assessing this association, do not consider the presence of confounding factors such as lifestyle (physical activity, physical inactivity, and sleep) [4]. Based on these facts, this study aimed to verify the association between breakfast omission, overweight/obesity, abdominal adiposity, and unhealthy lifestyle of low-income adolescents
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