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Abstract
BMP15 (Bone morphogenetic protein 15) is an oocyte-secreted growth factor required for ovarian follicle development and ovulation in mammals, but its effects on reproduction in chickens are unclear. In this study, the association between BMP15 polymorphisms and reproduction traits were analyzed, and its expression characteristics in different tissues were explored in LaiWu Black chickens. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in four hundred LaiWu Black chickens. One SNP (NC_006091.3:g.1773T>C) located in exon 2 which was significantly associated with egg weight at first egg (EWFE) (P = 0.0389), was novel. Diplotypes based on the three SNPs were found to be significantly associated with egg weight at age of 43W (EW43) (P = 0.0058). The chickens with H3H3 diplotype had their first egg 0.57 days later than chickens with H5H5 diplotype and 1.21 days-3.96 days earlier than the other five diplotype chickens. The egg production at age of 43W (E43), egg production at age of 46W (E46) and egg production at age of 48W (E48) for chickens with H3H3 diplotype were the highest among all the chickens, and the E48 of chickens with H3H3 diplotype had 11.83 eggs higher than chickens with H1H5 diplotype. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of BMP15 gene in ovarian follicle was in the order of 4 mm>6 mm -8 mm> 15 mm -19 mm> 23 mm -29 mm > 33 mm -34 mm in diameter. The mRNA level in follicles of 4 mm and 6–8 mm in diameter were significantly higher than that in the other follicles (P<0.01). In the same week, the highest mRNA level was found in the ovary, and it was significantly different from that found in the liver and oviduct (P<0.01). Our results indicate that BMP15 plays a vital role in the development of ovary and follicles, especially in the development of primary follicles. H3H3 may be an potential advantageous molecular marker for improving reproduction traits in chickens.
Highlights
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily [1,2]
Eight genetic mutations with major effects on ovulation rate and litter size have been identified in BMP15
Shabir M, et al (2013) found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) "C" of mutations in exon-2 of the designated genotype AC was observed to produce a significant effect on litter size with average litter size going up by 0.63, as compared with the nearest genotype AB with the litter size of 1.29±0.05 [35]
Summary
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily [1,2]. Mouse BMP15 is expressed in the oocyte, beginning at the one-layer primary follicle stage and continuing through ovulation [10]. BMP15 stimulates the expression of EGF-like growth factors in mouse cumulus cells as well as series of molecules downstream of EGF-like growth factor signaling, which are necessary for normal cumulus expansion [14]. Eight genetic mutations with major effects on ovulation rate and litter size have been identified in BMP15. They are FecXI in Inverdale sheep, FecXB in Belclare sheep, FecXG in Cambridge sheep, FecXH in Hanna sheep, FecXL in Lacaune sheep, FecXR in Rasa Aragonesa sheep and FecXGr FecX° in the Grivette and Olkuska sheep. These mutations are not applicable to all breeds of sheep [22,23,24,25,26,27]
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