Association between blood urea nitrogen-to-potassium ratio and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

BackgroundThe mortality risk is exceptionally high in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and hypokalemia are prevalent issues in patients with non-traumatic SAH. To explore the correlation between the blood urea nitrogen-to-potassium ratio (BPR) and 30-day all-cause mortality in non-traumatic SAH patients. MethodsWe systematically extracted specific clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive IV (MIMIC-IV) database. To assess the prognostic relevance of the BPR, we categorized patients into those experiencing in-hospital mortality within 30 days and those surviving, subjecting them to both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The optimal BPR cut-off value was identified using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, employing the maximum Youden index to predict survival status. Furthermore, we employed Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analysis to illustrate survival curves. ResultsA cohort comprising 608 patients with non-traumatic SAH was enrolled in the investigation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the BPR as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality within 30 days of admission for patients with non-traumatic SAH (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.13; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI], 1.04–––1.23; P<0.05). Further refinement resulted in the establishment of an optimized prediction model (AUC=83.61 %, 95 % CI: 79.73 % − 87.49 %) for forecasting all-cause mortality at 30 days post-hospital admission in patients with non-traumatic SAH. ConclusionThe BPR emerges as an independent prognostic indicator for all-cause mortality within the initial 30 days of admission among non-traumatic SAH patients.