Association between Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis

doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000427

Abstract

Highlights

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease caused by a combination of Insulin Resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells [1]
Both genotype and allele frequencies of the two analyzed polymorphisms were differently distributed between T2DM patients and nondiabetic subjects after Bonferroni corrections (Table 1)
Genotype frequencies of both polymorphisms remained significantly associated with T2DM after adjustment for ethnicity and age (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease caused by a combination of Insulin Resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells [1]. According to the “meta inflammation” (metabolically triggered inflammation) hypothesis, both T2DM and IR are considered as states of preclinical chronic lowgrade inflammation [2], resulting from changes in the innate immunity response, which is the first line of defense against viruses, bacteria and fungi [3,4]. TLRs are evolutionary conserved Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that play a key role in the activation of innate immune response by recognizing highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of gram-negative bacteria [4,6]. Each TLR family member recognizes a specific pathogen component and, upon activation, triggers a signaling cascade leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, releasing of antimicrobial peptides, and activation of the adaptive immune response [8,9]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion