Association between Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Flexible Video Bronchoscopy.

Beata Brajer-Luftmann,Marcin Mardas,Tomasz Piorunek,Dorota Lojko,Marta Stelmach-Mardas,Halina Batura-Gabryel

doi:10.3390/ijerph181910374

Abstract

Bronchoscopy is one of the basic invasive procedures in pulmonology accompanied by patients’ anxiety. This study aimed to find an association between predictors of state anxiety/depression and patient’s quality of life (QOL) with pulmonary symptoms undergoing diagnostic flexible video bronchoscopy (FVB). A total of 125 adult patients before FVB were included in a prospective observational study. The quality of life (QOL) was assessed by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, the depression possibility by the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the anxiety level by Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S; STAI-T). Results show that the older patients and patients with more comorbidities showed a significantly higher anxiety level. The previous FVB under deep sedation significantly reduced state anxiety. A significantly positive association was found between the STAI score and total BDI-II score. More severe symptoms of anxiety were especially related to lower QOL (physical health, psychological and environmental domains) in patients. Statistically higher trait anxiety in lower social QOL domain scores was observed. Our findings show that high state and trait anxiety were associated with higher depression scores and lower quality of life in the elderly. It seems that the elderly and patients at risk of depression development require more attention in the clinical setting to minimize the anxiety accompanying the bronchoscopy.

Highlights

Flexible video bronchoscopy (FVB) is one of the safe and minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pulmonology, it may cause, e.g., breathing difficulties, cough laryngospasm, airway obstruction, respiratory depression, hoarseness, hemoptysis, fever, or loss of conscious during the procedure [1,2,3]
This study aimed to find an association between predictors of state anxiety/depression, and patient’s quality of life (QOL) with pulmonary symptoms undergoing diagnostic FVB
Anxiety was evaluated by the Spielberg Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [19,20]

Summary

Introduction

Flexible video bronchoscopy (FVB) is one of the safe and minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pulmonology, it may cause, e.g., breathing difficulties, cough laryngospasm, airway obstruction, respiratory depression, hoarseness, hemoptysis, fever, or loss of conscious during the procedure [1,2,3]. It is worth mentioning that different types of anxiety disorders may accompany depressive symptoms [8,9] or patients suffering from depression may experience anxiety and any of these disorders can coexist with somatic diseases [7,8,10,11]. They are found even more significantly frequently in patients affected by pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA)) than in.

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